Failed Turbocharger?

It depends on how it failed. The engine will be down a lot on power, so plan the hills accordingly, but the engine will run. While not common, if the impeller came apart, small chunks of metal could be released. They will become trapped in the intercooler, which is similar to the radiator with many small tubes. It's unlikely any of those chunks will make it into the engine and cause further damage.

If the bearings failed, most likely the impeller will be locked up, so nothing further will happen. The unit simply won't be spinning.

If you find out how the failure occurred, consider replying with the results of the service.