When buying, selling, or renting a property, understanding Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) is essential. An EPC provides insights into a home’s energy efficiency, estimated energy costs, and ways to improve energy performance. It is a legal requirement in many cases and can impact property value, marketability, and operating costs.
1. What Is an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)?
An EPC is a document that measures the energy efficiency of a property. It provides an energy rating on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient) and estimates the potential cost of heating, lighting, and energy consumption.
EPCs are required under the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard (MEES), which mandates that landlords and property owners maintain their properties at an E rating or above before renting or selling.
Why Is an EPC Important?
- Helps homeowners and buyers understand energy costs.
- Encourages energy-saving home improvements.
- Ensures landlords and sellers comply with legal requirements.
- Higher-rated homes are more attractive to buyers and tenants.
2. How Long Does an EPC Last?
An EPC is valid for 10 years. If your EPC rating is E or higher, you can reuse it multiple times within this period. However, if you make energy-efficient upgrades, getting a new EPC can reflect the improvements, potentially increasing property value.
3. Who Issues EPCs?
EPCs must be conducted by an accredited domestic energy assessor. You can find a qualified assessor through:
- Government EPC registers
- Real estate or letting agents
- Department for Leveling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC)
What Happens During an EPC Assessment?
An assessor will inspect key factors that impact energy efficiency, including:
- Lighting systems
- Windows and insulation
- Heating and cooling systems
- Renewable energy sources
- Property size, age, and construction
Assessments for domestic properties take 20-40 minutes, while commercial assessments may take longer. The assessor may take photographs to document findings, but these images are for internal use only.
4. How to Find Your EPC Certificate
If your property has an EPC, you can retrieve it through the EPC register website. You will need:
- Your Report Reference Number (RRN) (a 24-digit code provided upon EPC registration).
- Your property’s address (if the RRN is unavailable).
The EPC register allows you to search using a postcode or street name to locate your certificate.
5. How Much Does an EPC Cost?
The cost of obtaining an EPC varies depending on:
- Location
- Property size
- Assessor’s rates
Prices typically range from £60 to £120. While obtaining an EPC is mandatory for many property owners, failing to have one can result in fines or penalties.
6. What If Your Property Has a Low EPC Rating?
An EPC rating below E means the property is less energy efficient, leading to:
- Higher energy bills.
- Lower property value and reduced buyer/tenant appeal.
- Potential fines for non-compliance with MEES regulations.
Common Reasons for a Low EPC Rating
- Poor insulation (walls, loft, or floors).
- Old or inefficient heating systems.
- Single-glazed or inefficient windows.
Ways to Improve Your EPC Rating
- Upgrade insulation (loft, cavity wall, or floor insulation).
- Install energy-efficient windows and doors.
- Switch to LED lighting and energy-efficient appliances.
- Upgrade the heating system (modern boiler or smart thermostat).
- Consider renewable energy sources (solar panels, heat pumps).
Some energy-efficient home improvements may qualify for government grants or financial incentives.
7. When Is an EPC Not Required?
Certain properties are exempt from EPC requirements, including:
- Listed buildings (where energy upgrades would alter historic features).
- Holiday homes rented for less than 4 months per year.
- Temporary buildings (used for less than 2 years).
- Small properties under 50 square meters (non-residential use).
- Industrial and workshop buildings with low energy consumption.
- Religious buildings such as churches, mosques, and temples.
Additionally, you don’t need an EPC if:
- You’re not selling or renting the property.
- The property is set for demolition.
8. Final Thoughts
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is a crucial tool for understanding a property’s energy efficiency, running costs, and environmental impact. It is legally required for selling, renting, or constructing a property and can affect marketability, compliance, and long-term cost savings. If your EPC rating is low, making energy-efficient upgrades can improve your home’s value and reduce utility expenses.
Always check local regulations and consult an EPC assessor if you need to obtain or update your certificate.
